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NF Quiz

1/31/2023

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1. The following must be enforced in the game:
​
a. Placing two hands on a player in the game.
b. Placing an extended arm bar on a player.
c. Placing and keeping a hand on an opponent.
d. Contacting an opponent more than once with the same hand or alternating hands.
e. All of the Above

2. The 28 foot coaching box shall be clearly outlined with a line at each end. T-F

3. The scorer’s location at the scorer’s and timer’s table must be clearly marked with an X. T-F.

4. It is required that the official scorer and timer be seated next to one another. T-F.

5. The referee designates the official score book and official scorer. T-F












Answers:
1. e- 10-7-12.
2. True-1-13-2.
3. True- 1-17
4. False- 2-1-3.
5. True-2-4-3. 
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January 30th, 2023

1/30/2023

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Trail Official by Joe Forte
1. Have a big picture mentality. Must see the on ball defender and as many other players as possible.  If you have strong defensive pressure on the ball, you must focus on that match up.

2.  When advancing in the backcourt to frontcourt , stay behind and either left or right of the ball handler. Go no further than the middle of the court. Being in this position will allow you to see offensive sets as you are advancing into the frontcourt.. Screens ETC


3. After a rebound or made basket stay off the court in lead until the ball advances up the court. On rebound, wait until the ball advances , on throw in after successful basket wait until the ball enters the court. 


4. Trail in frontcourt : Work from outside in position. Be left or right of the ball. When the ball gets near the sideline, adjust onto the court and work inside out. Make PA to referee the JS. Do not get stacked.. Get to a position to referee the play and stay there, referee the play.


5. Referee outside in allows trail to see primary defender and as many as the other players.

6. Referee primary defender all the way to the basket. Stay engaged with the play..

7. During rotation, pick up the clocks. Referee where the lead cannot. Post . Move into the center position with an open look. 


8. Focus : 

  a. Perimeter rebounding and assisting with weak side,  High post sets. Illegal screens, help with post travels, GT and BI, 

 
Important : Transition : Lead to Trail

When a change of possession is imminent, maintain a position 2 to 3 strides left or right and rear of the ball.  OK Now please do not overrun the ball. Trail does not need to be in front of the ball at any time. Now I see this in every game. Why do we overrun the ball ??  


Be active in primary and be alert to secondary. For those of you who watch game tape do this simple drill.  When the ball is in the frontcourt and under some pressure, pause the tape and look to see where the defenders are ??   Off their man looking at the ball or having an awareness of where the ball is. Why ? To help with a play to the basket. Therefore adjust your eyes to the action areas. Lead can certainly help with high picks on the strongside . And center how about plays at opposite elbow. ??  If you want to develop your officiating skills , become a student of the game..   Angelo



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NF Quiz

1/28/2023

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1. A1 is in the act of shooting, B3 pushes A3, Team A is not in the bonus, the try goes in the basket. Does the basket count? Yes-No

2. In question #1, Team A would receive the ball out of bounds at the spot of the foul, if they were not in the bonus. T-F

3. In question #1, if Team A was in the bonus, A3 would go to the free throw line. T-F

4. In question #1, if Team A was in the bonus and A3 was injured and could not shoot, who would designate the shooter?

5. In question # 4, A3’s substitute will shoot the bonus. T-F











Answers:
1. Yes- 4-11-1 &2.
2. True- CB- 6.7.Situation.D, 6-7-Exception-c.
3. True- CB- 6.7. Situation.D, 6-7-Exception-c
4.  Team A’s Head Coach or Team Captain-8-2.
5. True-  8-2. 
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Notes by Joe Forte

1/28/2023

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The majority of basketball games are played on a playing surface , normally wood , that measures 94 by 50 feet. The height of the basket is 10 feet. Why 10 feet.??  Because when James Naismith invented the game in 1891 at the YMCA gym ,Springfield , a running track was above the gym. so they nailed the peach basket up near the running track which measured 10 feet.  
We have 10 players , 5 on a side and for the most part 3 officials. The players pass the ball , dribble it and shoot it. They run up and down the court quickly to score as many baskets as possible. They set screens around the perimeter , at the elbows , on the baseline and everywhere else on the court. They use defensive tactics like man to man defense, zone defense , press defense , match up zones defense , double team the dribbler and other tactics to prevent the opponent from scoring. The offensive team also has tactics to outsmart the defense. Thus we have a basketball game. Now the last time I watched a game , NBA , college, D2 3 college , high school , womens , and my grandsons games, players were passing the ball , dribbling it , shooting it. Oh and yes they set screens everywhere , they ran up and down the court to score baskets as many as possible for whoever has the most wins the game. Now for officials to be able to enforce the rules of the game , they must be in the proper position to referee those plays. Therefore, the number one objective is to put them in those positions so they can correctly make accurate decisions.   Does it matter what game it is because all games basically do the same thing !!!!  So my point here is when you hear people say, cannot be wide in lead because that is what the NBA referees do. It's a different game. Oh really. All other games are so much different ???  Do they dribble , pass and shoot..  ??? I think so..  Do we referee the play to the basket different when Tatum drives to the basket ( Boston ) , or Davis ( UNC ) KJ Jones (D 2 Emmanuel) Harris ( HS )  Siegrist ( Villanova Womens )  or Jake Forte ( 8 and under )  Yes for Jake .. gets the and 1  
We do not. We get in the correct positions to get plays called correctly.... The game is the same.....      Thanks,  Angelo  and remember   It's the game , my partners , and me 



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January 27th, 2023

1/27/2023

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Those of you who receive our memos , you are receiving them because you were a member of my staff , current member, or friends who wish to continue to receive information or a friend has requested I forward you the information. Bottom line does not really matter. What does is that you now have the opportunity to recommend an official you feel will benefit from our memos. If so send me an email with the information to jpforte45@gmail.com.  The more we share knowledge the better we all become. The knowledge I received over the years has been un-measurable. I took what I have learned , combined it with my years on the court and to keep it within would be a sin. My only ambition now is to pass it on to you and others in the hope that it will in some small way be of assistance to one's officiating career. So if you have someone you feel this will help send the information. Thanks.

OK  Let's talk basketball :  

    1. When do I give up on ball coverage. ??  New lead to trail , ball enters frontcourt on strongside. Trail on ball. Dribbler now dribbles above the top of the circle , middle of court. He now advances towards the center near FTLL extended. Trail takes a quick look at center officials to see if he is on the ball. If he is get off the ball and focus your eyes into the lane area as you start to move towards your new center position. When moving don't run. Move with an accelerated pace. Open your vision and see as many players as possible. Big picture mentality. If you move in this fashion you will see the activity in the lane area and elbow area. Because moving with shoulders open gives you wider vision to see as many players as possible. What happens is if trail continues on ball chances are we will have double coverage on ball with center and trail. This is why we miss plays at the foul line , and elbow. You must at all times know where your partners are looking. 

   2. Same with trail and lead strongside. Ball now goes below FTLE either with a pass or dribble. Trail takes a look at the lead if he goes to the ball , trail goes to low post coverage on the strongside. Let's say that the ball is passed into the corner on the strongside or in that dual area of coverage as the NCAA mechanics book states. What the book does not actually tell you is how you adjust when the ball is in dual areas of coverage. It states officials must be aware of other officials' positions. Ok here is how you know. Ball goes into a dual coverage trail  takes a look at where the lead is officiating. If he is on the ball , go off the ball to low post lane areas. See as many players as possible. Big picture mentality. If he is off ball , stay on ball. so if the ball is in the corner take a peek as to where the lead is officiating. He may have a low post match up that he feels he needs to stay with. Trail now goes to the corner and referees the play.  If lead is officiating the corner activity go off ball into lane as we mentioned. 

 3. Body Positions. When working in the lead position always take a position where you are looking into the lane. Think of it this way. Belly in the paint. Or my foot pointed to the paint. You do not want to have your shoulders parallel to the baseline. That promotes tunnel vision. Your new position will promote open lanes of vision, Wide angles to see the play. Also it tells your partners where you are officiating. This is the same position you take in the trail position.It simply opens up your views to see as many players as possible. 


4. Moving towards your new position after a foul , non shooting always keep eyes on players. 

 5. Same when a time out is called. Watch players going to their benches. 

 6. Do not take anything for granted.
7. One of my pet peeves. When you call the 6th foul on  a team we know the next one we are in the penalty. Therefore , when the next one is called we immediately go to our FT positions and not to where we are going to put the ball in play. Only to have the table tell us we are now in the bonus. Communicate some way to your partners that the next one we are in the penalty. Tip you may wish to use :  When I was in the NBA we had a signal that we used to alert our partners that the next foul we are in the penalty. It was not a NBA mechanic. It was just something that most of us did. Before the ball was put in play the administering official would just give a little chopping motion to his arm which meant next one we are in the penalty. Some of the guys just got eye contact before the throw in and verbally stated the next one in the penalty with a circle of the hand. Whatever you feel is good for your crew, give it a try. Believe me when we look like we are in command it goes far.

Thanks. Send me names if you wish to grow our knowledge. You can also email me if you have any questions or issues to talk about.   Angelo


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Tips from Joe Forte

1/26/2023

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Today  we are going to address basic play calling: Now before we begin , it is imperative that in your pre game conference the CC / R must talk about coverage and areas of responsibilities.  We must begin to eliminate double whistles. Now why do we have so many DW's ??  Because we love to observe the ball all over the playing surface.. And we do not know our coverage...Therefore , back to the basics of coverage and playing calling .

Lead : 

1, Do not call across the lane at plays originating from the weak side.
 2. Do not call plays curling away from you to the slot / center official. Trust the slot or trail.

 3. Do not rotate on quick drives to the basket from the weak side.
 4. Do not rotate on quick JS on the weak side.
 5. Know the key offensive players. This will prevent you from a quick rotation if he receives the ball on the weak side. Because they are clearing, allowing him to attack the basket. He may take it to the basket, he may pull up for the JS. We do not want you rotating during that offensive sequence.
 6. Do not rotate when the weak side low post player receives the entry pass. Why because if you start your rotation and he now makes a move into the lane while you are rotating , you are stacked and done.  Wait to see what he is going to do. If he curls into the lane you are perfect opposite him to officiate the play. If he passes the ball out you can now rotate if needed. 

 7. When you do rotate, take a peek at the clocks on the opposite backboard. This will help in clock awareness . In fact on all rotations trail to slot, slot to trail take a peek at the clocks on the backboard front court.
8. Stay wide 


Center / Slot. 

1. Do not move towards the baseline when the offensive player drives down the lane to the basket. All players will be moving in that direction and you will get stacked on the play. Go opposite to get a lane to referee the play.
2. Now please when we say to go opposite that movement may just be a half step. All you want to do is create an angle to see the play. You create your angles, do not allow the players to create your angles.
 3. When the strong side low post player receives an entry pass , be ready to referee the curl plays into the lane, coming towards you. The lead is trusting you to referee those plays. It is called team officiating. we do it, we referee our primary , get plays called correctly, and start to eliminate DW's.
 4. Referee weak side rebounding. focus on the back side defender.
 5. Recognize high pick and roll plays at the opposite elbow.

 6. GT BI 

 7. When a player receives a pass in your area, pick up feet first, then go to the defender
 8. Now make small movements to PA if he drives to the basket.
  

Trail : 

 1. If you have a strong side drive to the basket, referee the primary defending ALL the way to the basket.
 2. Usually and for the most part, when the primary defender is beat he trails the play. Right ??

 3. Therefore , we know the lead will pick up and referee the secondary defender. Right. So now we have multiple defenders , defending the play at the basket. Lead has secondary trail primary. Coverage is great because we have 2 defenders in sight . We cannot expect the lead to referee both players.
 4. Now if we only have a primary defender defending the play, and we have contact resulting in a foul , what is our procedure ??  Trail will allow lead to make the call, if not trail make it.  Trail mindset is this. Play to basket, referee  defender , contact on the play , lead has no whistle , allow him to have the first whistle , if not call the foul. This is your play, Team Officiating. We have to understand this basic concept. So when the drive begins take a step in and mentally engage the play. Lead has it great, if not trail gets it. 

 5. BI GT  

 6. Strong side rebounding

Now those are some guidelines to follow. 

Now we will talk about the game :
When the ball is out of your primary area look where the defenders are. They are coached to see the ball and be ready to assist with help defense. This means you will not have a competitive match up in your primary area. Basically one official is on the ball , 2 are not. 

So now you can set your eyes to the next competitive match up and help referee the play. This is called Team Officiating ..  We officiate as a Team not as Individuals. So when someone tells you to allow me to live and die with the play, he is telling you he has no clue about coverage.  What he should say is thanks for getting this play. That is what Team Officials do.  

On transition take a peek at the clocks.
Foul time out, shooting FTS, know who the shooter is.
Ball out of bounds , time out , know can the thrower move off the baseline, or do we have a spot throw in ?  Calls quality fouls on quality players.  If you have an early foul on a key player , you must make sure the second one is correct. Why? Because he will go to the bench. Second one cannot be marginal. 

Rebounding Plays : Now if you as a team referee rebounding plays in this manner our rebounding will be the same on both ends. 

1. Referee the back side player first and foremost.
  A.   If contact is from the rear and the ball is knocked out of bounds by that player, go with the out of bounds call. Consider the back side contact as no advantage. Now if the back side contact knocks the player down or it is obvious contact dislodging, call the foul.
  B. If inside player grabs the rebound and receives contact from the rear and returns to the floor , no advantage play on.
 C. Same as B unless contact causing him to lose the ball or knocks him to the floor. Call the foul.
 D. On all rebounding plays slot / center stay with the rebounder, do not see new possession and turn to advance to new slot /center position. Why because if the rebounder turns away from lead , makes an outlet pass and gets fouled you are in perfect position to see the contact. Lead cannot not. Once rebounding is over no fouls , center / slot moves down the court. Make sure the rebounding activity is completed with no fouls before going into transition. It is called Team Officiating 

 Have a wonderful day   Angelo

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NF Quiz

1/24/2023

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1. A1 is fouled in their back court by B1. Its the 7th team foul of the quarter. Team A is awarded the ball out of bounds. Thrower-In A1 throws the ball to A3 who dribbles in the front court and is successful on a “3” point shot. The officiating crew realizes that Team A should have been in the bonus. Handle the Situation?

2. The Referee will always toss the ball to start the game. T-F

3. The Referee will administer the AP throw-in to start the second, third and fourth quarters. T-F

4. The Referee will decide whether a goal shall count if the officials disagree. T-F

5. The Referee may declare the game a forfeit when conditions warrant. T-F
















Answers:
1. Basket counts, A1 will be awarded a one & one with no players lined up on the free throw line. Team B is entitled to run the end line when play continues. 2-10-1a, 2-10-5, CB-2.10.1.D

2. False- 2-5-1.
​3. True- 2-5-2.
4. True- 2-5-3.
5. True- 2-5-4.
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Responsibilities of the Trail

1/24/2023

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1. Hand checking on the perimeter.

2. Violations on the perimeter.

3. “3” second violations when the ball is below the FTLE.

4. Above Ring Play.

5. Jump shots at the “elbow” .

6. Jump shots in the free throw circle.

7. Weak side Rebounding in “2” person.

8. Perimeter Rebounding in “3” person. 

9. Status of Clock{s}.

​10. Protecting the Lead’s backside on drives and rebounds.
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Responsibilities in the Lead-

1/22/2023

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1. On drives to the basket, officiate secondary defenders.

2. End line out of bounds.

3. “ 3” second violations 

4. “5” second closely guarded violations when ball is below the FTLE. (2 Person).

​5. Side line out of bounds. ( 2 Person).

6. Strong Side Rebounding.

7. Perimeter Rebounding (2 Person).

8. Post Play.

9. Illegal Screens.

10. Above Ring Plays on fast breaks and quick transitions.

11. Status of game clock and shot clocks.

12. Assist on “3” point attempts.


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General Reminders & Tips

1/21/2023

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1. In “3” person, when going from T-C, think Big Picture, lift your eyes and officiate moving players.

2. Stop the Clock on out of bounds plays.

3. Protect rebounders after they obtain the rebound.

4. Be explicit with signals at the table.

5. When going from C-C and there is no pressure, get to the FTLE and run to the area, don’t slide. 

6. Anticipate angles on jump shots.

7. When a player catches the ball, sequence, feet, pivot, release of dribble.

8. On free throws as the Lead, don’t stand next to the last player when there is no rebound possibility.

9. Do not talk to coaches when the clock is running. 

10. Review Team Control Fouls. 
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    Al Battista

    Al Battista is regarded as one of the most knowledgeable experts in the field of basketball rules at all levels.  In addition to this, he is a well-known clinician and observer of officials.   Currently, he is Maryland State and Board 12 Interpreter for scholastic basketball.  He has served as an officials’ observer for the NBA and WNBA and is currently the NBA chief scout for officials in the Northeast USA.

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